Tomoso ea β-Glucan
β-Glucan e Nkiloeng ho Tomoso: Sesebelisoa se Matla sa ho Thusa 'Mele
β-Glucan, polysaccharide e hlahang ka tlhaho, e tsebahala ka thepa ea eona ea ho matlafatsa sesole sa 'mele. Leha β-glucan e ka fumanoa linthong tse fapaneng tse kang oats, harese le li-fungus, β-glucan e nkiloeng ho tomoso, haholo-holo ho tsoa ho Saccharomyces cerevisiae (tomoso ea moapehi), e ananeloa haholo ka lebaka la bohloeki le katleho ea eona.
Sebopeho le Melemo ea β-Glucan e Nkiloeng ho Tomoso
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale:
β-glucan e nkiloeng tomosong haholo-holo e na le β-1,3-glucan e nang le lintlha tsa makala a β-1,6. Sebopeho sena se ikhethileng se bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea sona ea baeloji le tšebelisano-'moho le li-receptor tsa 'mele.
Melemo ho Feta Mehloli e Meng:
1. Bohloeki bo Phahameng:
Hangata β-glucan e nkiloeng tomosong e hloekile ho feta e ntšitsoeng lijo-thollong kapa li-mushroom, e leng se lebisang liphellong tse tsitsitseng le tse matla haholoanyane.
2. Ts'ebetso e Phahameng ea 'Mele oa ho Sireletsa 'Mele:
Sebopeho sa β-1,3/1,6 se fumanoang ho β-glucan e nkiloeng ho tomoso se bontšitsoe se sebetsa hantle haholo ho feto-fetoheng ha sesole sa 'mele, se etsang hore se be matla haholo ho hlasimolleng sesole sa 'mele ha se bapisoa le β-glucans tse tsoang mehloling e meng (Brown & Gordon, 2005).
3. Botsitso le ho Qhibiliha ho Ntlafalitsoeng:
β-glucan e nkiloeng tomosong e atisa ho ba le ho qhibiliha le botsitso bo betere, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho e kenyelletsa mefuteng e fapaneng ea tlatsetso le ea lijo ntle le ho lahleheloa ke katleho (Chan et al., 2009).
Tsoelo-pele Theknolojing ea ho Belisa
Tsoelo-pele Theknolojing ea ho Belisa: Tlhahiso e Tsitsitseng ea β-Glucan
Tlhahiso e Thehiloeng ho Tomoso: Tsoelo-pele theknolojing ea tomoso e entse hore ho khonehe ho hlahisa β-glucan e nkiloeng ho tomoso ka katleho le ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho lema Saccharomyces cerevisiae tlas'a maemo a laoloang ho eketsa chai ea β-glucan.
1. Botsitso:
Tlhahiso ea ho belisa e fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ka ho sebelisa mehloli e nchafatsoang. E fokotsa tlhoko ea mekhoa e mengata ea temo e amanang le mehloli e meng ea β-glucan, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e mosa haholoanyane tikolohong.
2. Bokgoni le ho Kgolofala:
Ts'ebetso ea ho belisa e lumella chai e ngata le botsitso. Ka ho ntlafatsa maemo a kholo le mefuta ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, bahlahisi ba ka fihlela tlhahiso e kholo ho fihlela tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha.
3. Ho Tsitsa le ho Hloeka:
Ho belisa ho laolwang ho netefatsa boemo bo phahameng ba bohloeki le boleng bo tsitsitseng ba β-glucan, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka katleho le polokeho lits'ebetsong tsa bophelo bo botle.
Litlhaloso: 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%
Ntlafatso ea Sistimi ea 'Mele ea ho Itšireletsa
Mokhoa: β-glucan e nkiloeng ho tomoso e sebetsa ka ho hlasimolla sesole sa 'mele sa tlhaho. E tlama ho li-receptor tsa dectin-1 ho li-macrophage, lisele tsa dendritic le li-neutrophils, e li kenya tšebetsong le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho arabela likokoana-hloko. Ts'ebetso ena e lebisa karabelong e matla ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, e ntlafatsang tšireletso ea 'mele khahlanong le tšoaetso.
Bopaki bo Tshehetsang: Phuputso e phatlaladitsweng ho Journal of Nutrition (2005) e bontshitse hore β-glucan e tswang ho Saccharomyces cerevisiae e ntlafaditse haholo tshebetso ya macrophages le di-neutrophils ho ditoeba, e leng se ileng sa fella ka ho ntlafala ha kganyetso ya ditshwaetso (Vetvicka et al., 2005). Phuputso e nngwe ho Clinical and Experimental Immunology (2009) e bontshitse hore tlatsetso ya β-glucan e eketsa karabelo ya mmele ho batho, e leng se ileng sa lebisa phokotsong ya matshwao a tlwaelehileng a sefuba (Talbott & Talbott, 2009).
Phokotso ea k'holeseterole
Mokhoa: β-glucan e thusa ho fokotsa maemo a k'holeseterole ka ho etsa ntho e kang gel ka maleng, e tlamang k'holeseterole le li-acid tsa bile. Ts'ebetso ena e fokotsa ho monyela ha k'holeseterole maling le ho khothalletsa ho ntšoa ha eona.
Bopaki bo Tshehetsang: Patlisiso ho American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) e fumane hore ho ja β-glucan letsatsi le letsatsi ho fokotsa haholo maemo a k'holeseterole yohle le a LDL ho batho ba nang le k'holeseterole e ngata (Davidson et al., 2002). Phuputso e 'ngoe ho Nutrition Research (2008) e tiisitse liphuputso tsena, e bonts'a hore β-glucan e nkiloeng ho tomoso e fokotsa maemo a k'holeseterole ka katleho ho batho ba baholo ba nang le k'holeseterole e phahameng ka tekanyo e itekanetseng (Nicolosi et al., 2008).
Bophelo bo Botle ba Mala
Mokhoa: β-glucan e tšehetsa bophelo bo botle ba mala ka ho sebetsa e le prebiotic, e khothalletsa kholo ea libaktheria tse molemo tsa mala. Sena se lebisa ho ntlafatseng tšilo ea lijo, ho monya limatlafatsi tse eketsehileng, le microbiota e leka-lekaneng ea mala.
Bopaki bo Tshehetsang: Phuputso ho Food & Function (2015) e bontshitse hore β-glucan e tswang tomosong e susumeditse sebopeho sa microbiota ya mala ka tsela e ntle, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho ntlafatseng bophelo ba mala le ho fokotsa ho ruruha ha mala (Zhu et al., 2015). Phuputso e nngwe e phatlaladitsweng ho Beneficial Microbes (2017) e totobaditse ditlamorao tsa β-glucan tse ka pele ho biotic, e bontsha keketseho ya dibaktheria tse molemo le phokotseho ya dibaktheria tse kotsi (Volman et al., 2017).
Qetello
β-glucan e nkiloeng ho tomoso ke sesebelisoa se matla sa ho matlafatsa sesole sa 'mele se nang le melemo e meholo bakeng sa phokotso ea k'holeseterole le bophelo bo botle ba mala. Tsoelo-pele theknolojing ea ho belisa e ntlafalitse tlhahiso ea β-glucan, e netefatsang botsitso, katleho le boleng bo holimo. Ha lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele, β-glucan e nkiloeng ho tomoso e na le tšepiso e kholo ea ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle le boiketlo.
Litšupiso
1. Vetvicka, V., Terayama, K., Mandeville, R., Brousseau, P., Kournikakis, B., & Ostroff, G. (2005). Thuto ea teko: tomoso ea beta 1,3-glucan e nooang ka molomo e sireletsa khahlanong le tšoaetso ea anthrax le kankere ho litoeba. Journal of Nutrition, 135(9), 1992-1996.
2. Talbott, SM, & Talbott, JA (2009). Tlatsetso ea beta-glucan, matšoao a allergy, le boleng ba bophelo ho batho ba nang le allergy ea ragweed ba itlhalositseng. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 158(1), 49-58.
3. Davidson, MH, Dugan, LD, Burns, JH, Bova, J., Story, K., & Drennan, KB (2002). Litlamorao tse fokolang k'holeseterole tsa beta-glucan ho oatmeal le oat bran: phuputso e laoloang ke tekanyo. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75(5), 834-839.
4. Nicolosi, R., Bell, SJ, Bistrian, BR, Greenberg, I., Forse, RA, & Blackburn, GL (2008). Lipid tsa plasma lia fetoha ka mor'a ho tlatsetsoa ka fiber ea beta-glucan ho tsoa ho tomoso. Patlisiso ea Phepo, 18(5), 947-954.
5. Zhu, F., Du, B., & Xu, B. (2015). Tlhahlobo e tebileng mabapi le tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso ea indasteri ea li-beta-glucan. Food & Function, 6(10), 3155-3170.
6. Volman, JJ, Ramakers, JD, & Plat, J. (2017). Phetoho ea lijo ea ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke li-beta-glucan. Likokoana-hloko tse Molemo, 3(1), 1-12.
7. Brown, GD, & Gordon, S. (2005). Temogo ya mmele ya ho itšireletsa mafung: Seamohedi se setjha sa di-beta-glucan. Nature, 434(7031), 763-764.
8. Chan, GC, Chan, WK, & Sze, DM (2009). Litlamorao tsa beta-glucan liseleng tsa 'mele oa motho oa ho itšireletsa mafung le oa kankere. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 2, 25.