Asiti ea γ-Aminobutyric (GABA)
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) ke neurotransmitter e hlahang ka tlhaho e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotseng thabo ea methapo tsamaisong eohle ea methapo. E tsebahala haholo ka litlamorao tsa eona tse khutsisang bokong, e leng se etsang hore e be tlatsetso e tsebahalang bakeng sa ho khothaletsa phomolo le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba boroko.
Mekhoa ea ho Belisa bakeng sa ho Hlahisa GABA
GABA e ka hlahisoa ka mekhoa ea ho belisa e kenyeletsang likokoana-hloko tse itseng. Libaktheria tse peli tsa mantlha tse sebelisetsoang morero ona ke mefuta ea Lactobacillus (libaktheria tsa lactic acid) le Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus natto).
1. Baktheria ea Lactic Acid (Mofuta oa Lactobacillus):
Tshebetso:
Khetho ea Mefuta: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, le mefuta e meng ea Lactobacillus hangata li khethoa ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona bo phahameng ba ho hlahisa GABA (Li et al., 2010).
Maemo a ho Belisa: Maemo a matle, ho kenyeletsoa mocheso, pH, le ho fumaneha ha limatlafatsi, aa bolokoa ho eketsa tlhahiso ea GABA. Libaktheria li fetola glutamate ho ba GABA ka enzyme glutamate decarboxylase.
Tlhoekiso: Kamora ho bela, GABA e ntšoa le ho hloekisoa ho tsoa setsing sa temo ho fihlela mahloriso le bohloeki bo lakatsehang (Komatsuzaki et al., 2005).
Melemo:
Tlhaho le Sireletsehile: Tšebeliso ea mefuta ea Lactobacillus, e fumanehang ka tlhaho lijong tse belisitsoeng, e netefatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e sireletsehileng le ea tlhaho.
Tlhahiso e Sebetsang: Libaktheria tsa lactic acid li sebetsa hantle haholo ho fetoleng glutamate ho GABA, e leng se fellang ka chai e phahameng.
2. Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus natto):
Tshebetso:
Khetho ea Mathata: Mefuta ea Bacillus subtilis, haholo-holo e sebelisoang tlhahisong ea natto, e khethoa ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho hlahisa GABA (Higuchi et al., 1997).
Maemo a ho Belisa: Ts'ebetso ea ho belisa e kenyelletsa ho ntlafatsa maemo ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea GABA, ho kenyeletsoa le ts'ebeliso ea li-substrate tse kang soya kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse nang le glutamate e ngata.
Ho ntša le ho hloekisa: Kamora ho bela, GABA e ntšoa le ho hloekisoa ho netefatsa boleng bo holimo le mahloriso (Syu et al., 2012).
Melemo:
Tlhahiso e Phahameng: Bacillus subtilis e ka hlahisa GABA e ngata, e leng se etsang hore e lokele tlhahiso ea indasteri.
Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo: Mokhoa ona o lumella tšebeliso ea li-substrate tse fapaneng, tse ka etselitsoeng ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea GABA.
Litlhaloso: 99%
Melemo ea GABA e Ntlafatsang Boroko
Mokhoa le Melemo:
Ketso Bokong: GABA e sebetsa e le neurotransmitter e thibelang, e tlamang ho li-receptor tsa GABA bokong, e leng se fokotsang ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo. Ketso ena e thusa ho phutholoha le ho khothaletsa boroko ka ho khutsisa tsamaiso ea methapo (Sieghart, 1995).
Phokotso ea Khatello ea Kelello: Ka ho thibela matšoao a ho hlasimolla, GABA e ka thusa ho fokotsa maemo a cortisol, e leng hormone ea khatello ea maikutlo e ka sitisang mekhoa ea ho robala (Nakamura et al., 2019). Lithuto li bontšitse hore tlatsetso ea GABA e ka ntlafatsa boleng ba boroko ka ho fokotsa nako eo ho e nkang ho robala le ho eketsa nako ea mekhahlelo ea boroko bo tebileng (Takeda et al., 2012). Ho phaella moo, GABA e sebetsa hantle ho fokotseng matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo, e leng litšitiso tse tloaelehileng tsa boroko bo khathollang (Abdou et al., 2006). Ho fapana le lithuso tse ling tsa boroko, GABA e khothalletsa ho phomola ntle le ho baka boroko, e leng se etsang hore e lokele ho ntlafatsa boleng ba boroko ntle le kotsi ea ho lla hoseng (Boonstra et al., 2015).
Qetello
1. Tlhahiso le Bokgoni:
Baktheria ea Lactic Acid: E sebetsa hantle ebile e bolokehile, e khahleha ka tlhaho ka lebaka la boteng ba eona lijong tsa setso tse belisitsoeng.
Bacillus subtilis: Bokgoni bo phahameng ba chai, bo loketseng tlhahiso e kgolo.
2. Polokeho le Bohloeki:
Mekhoa ena ka bobeli: Fana ka GABA e hloekileng haholo e loketseng li-supplement tsa lijo, ka kotsi e fokolang ea litšila.
3. Litšenyehelo le Botsitso:
Baktheria ea Lactic Acid: Ka kakaretso e theko e tlaase ebile e tšoarella, e sebelisa mekhoa ea setso ea ho belisa.
Bacillus subtilis: E ka 'na ea kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa pele empa e ka ba le litšenyehelo tse tlaase haholoanyane ka tekanyo e kholo ka lebaka la chai e phahameng.
Litšupiso
1. Abdou, AM, Higashiguchi, S., Horie, K., Kim, M., Hatta, H., & Yokogoshi, H. (2006). Litlamorao tsa ho phomola le ho ntlafatsa sesole sa 'mele tsa tsamaiso ea gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ho batho. BioFactors, 26(3), 201-208.
2. Boonstra, E., et al. (2015). Li-neurotransmitter e le li-supplement tsa lijo: liphello tsa GABA bokong le boitšoarong. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1520.
3. Higuchi, T., Hayashi, H., & Abe, K. (1997). Phapanyetsano ea glutamate le gamma-aminobutyrate ka har'a sele ea Bacillus subtilis e emisitsoeng ka lera la sele le sitisitsoeng. Bioscience, Biotechnology, le Biochemistry, 61(9), 1561-1565.
4. Komatsuzaki, N., Shima, J., Kawamoto, S., Momose, H., & Kimura, T. (2005). Tlhahiso ea gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ka Lactobacillus paracasei e arotsoeng lijong tsa setso tse belisitsoeng. Food Microbiology, 22(6), 497-504.
5. Li, H., et al. (2010). Tlhahiso ea gamma-aminobutyric acid ka Lactobacillus brevis NCL912 ho sebelisoa fed-batch fermentation. Microbial Cell Factories, 9, 85.
6. Nakamura, H., et al. (2019). Litlamorao tsa ho noa gamma-aminobutyric acid ka molomo borokong le mekhoa ea eona e ka bang teng. Nutrients, 11(4), 964.
7. Sieghart, W. (1995). Sebopeho le pharmacology ea gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor subtypes. Pharmacological Reviews, 47(2), 181-234.
8. Syu, KY, & Chen, YH (2012). Ntlafatso ea likarolo tse mahareng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) ho sebelisoa Bacillus subtilis ka mokhoa oa karabelo holim'a metsi. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43(4), 539-543.
9. Takeda, A., et al. (2012). Litlamorao tsa ho nooa ha gamma-aminobutyric acid borokong le maikutlong a batho. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 58(2), 1-5.